Which of the following are not laws unless the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) has adopted them?

The essence of the question revolves around understanding the distinction between laws, policies, regulations, codes, standards, and guidelines within the context of fire protection and the role of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

The correct answer identifies that codes and standards are not inherently laws unless they are adopted by the AHJ. When an AHJ adopts a specific code or standard, it effectively incorporates that document into the legal framework it oversees, making its provisions enforceable as law.

Codes typically set minimum requirements for construction and fire safety to ensure public health and safety. However, without the formal adoption by the AHJ, they remain as recommendations or best practices, which do not carry legal weight. Thus, their binding nature depends on the local authority's acceptance and implementation within their jurisdiction.

In contrast, policies, regulations, and guidelines often come from formal or procedural frameworks that may have inherent authority, especially when they are put in place by governing bodies. These can operate under the premise of lawfulness depending on their origin and the jurisdiction’s particular governance structure.

By consistently emphasizing that codes and standards require formal adoption to transform into laws, this underscores the critical role of the AHJ in establishing enforceable fire safety measures within their scope of authority.